PÀ½\nbnse tU¬_mKv F¶ {]im´kpµcamb sNdp{Kma¯n 1820 tabv 26 \mWv ImXdn³ Imkv]À `qPmXbmbXv. ImXdnsâ amXm]nXm¡Ä ssZh`bapÅ D¯a {InkvXym\nIfmbncp¶p. X§fpsS Ip«nIÄ¡p ssZhnIImcy§Ä ]dªpsImSp¡p¶Xn AhÀ _²{i²cmbncp¶p. ssZhkvt\l¯m ]qcnXbmb ImXdn³Xs¶ ]qÀ®ambn ssZh¯n\p kaÀ¸n¡m³ Ip«n¡mew apXÂt¡ B{Kln¨ncp¶p. ]T\¯nsâ Imcy¯n icmicnbmbncps¶¦nepw D]hn, A\pkcWw, Zmcn{Zyw F¶o KpW§fpsS hnf\nebambncp¶ AhÄ B²ymßnIXbpsS kvIqfn F¶pw ap³]´nbnembncp¶p. Zcn{Zcn Zcn{ZbmIm\pÅ X§fpsS aIfpsS A`nemjadnªv Zcn{Zcmb B amXm]nXm¡Ä AZv`pXs¸«p. `£n¡m³ H¶panÃmXncp¶ kl]mTnIfpambn Xsâ sNdp`£Ws¸mXn ]¦phbv¡p¶Xn AhÄ B\µw IsWvS¯n.
ssZhlnXadnbphm\pw AXp {]mhÀ¯nIam¡phm\pw thWvS iàn {]mÀ°\bneqsSbpw [ym\¯neqsSbpw sNdp¸¯nte AhÄ kz´am¡n. ssZhhN\w AhÄ¡p amÀ¤Zo]ambn; {InkvXz\pIcWw {]nbkJnbmbn; P]ame CjvSa{´ambn. tPmen sN¿p¶Xn\nSbnepw AhÄ P]ame sNmÃnbncp¶p. ssZhmht_m[¯n Bgs¸«ncp¶ ImXdn³ kÀÆZm kÀtÆik¶n[nbn Pohn¨psImWvSv B²ymßnIXbn A\pZn\w hfÀ¶p. km[mcWImcy§Ä Akm[mcW`wKntbmsS sN¿phm³ ImXdn³ {i²n¨ncp¶p. ssZhnIkzc¯n\p sNhn sImSp¯psImWvSv AhnSps¯ CjvSw \ndthäpI F¶Xmbncp¶p ImXdnsâ B²ymßnIXbpsS kmcmwiw. B²ymßnIImcy¯n AhÄ aäpÅhÀ¡v Hcp hgnIm«nbmbncp¶p. `àn]qÀÆw P]ame sNmÃns¡mWvSv sslÂt_mWnse atUmWbpsS ]Ånbnte¡v AhÀ Ip«nIfpsam¯v XoÀ°bm{X \S¯nbncp¶p.
k¶ymkPohnX¯nte¡pÅ AhfpsS hnfn {]Xn_豈 \ndªXmbncp¶p. ssZhnIamb DÄhnfn {ihn¨psh¦nepw AXnt\mSv F§s\ {]XnIcn¡Wsa¶v AhÄ¡dnbnÃmbncp¶p. ]nXmhnsâ acWtijw IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯m³ ITn\m[zm\w sNt¿WvSn h¶p. {InkvXphnsâ Zmcn{Zyw IqSpX ASp¯v A\pIcn¡m³ km[n¨Xv Hcp `mKyambn AhÄ IcpXn. B²ymßnIImcy§fn am{Xaà BXpctkh\cwK¯pw AhÄ FÃmhÀ¡pw Hcp amXrIbmbncp¶p. tcmKnIfpsSbpw Bew_lo\cpsSbpw Bhiy§Ä IWvSdnªv AhÄ AhÀs¡ÃmsaÃmambn. Zcn{ZtcmSpw tcmKnItfmSpapÅ ImXdnsâ klm\p`qXn {InkvXphnsâ kvt\l¯m t{]cnXambncp¶p. C{]ImcapÅ k¶²kmaqlnI{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡nSbnÂ, {Kma¯nse \mep kv{XoIsf DÄs¸Sp¯n Ahsfmcp tkh\kwL¯n\p cq]w \ÂIn. `mhnbn AhÄ Bcw`nt¡WvSnbncp¶ k¶ymkk`bpsS _oPambncp¶p AXv.
ssZh]cn]me\bnepÅ Akmam\yhnizmkhpw £abpw ØntcmÕmlhpw Aam\pjnIss[cyhpw ImXdn\n Xncn¨dnª A`nhµy sa{Xm³ Hcp `h\w Bcw`n¡m³ AhÄ¡v A\paXn \ÂIn. ImXdn³ Bcw`n¨ sIm¨p`h\w {ItaW Hcp aT¯nsâ cq]w {]m]n¨p. ImXdn³ DÄs¸sS A©v AwK§fpambn 1851 HmKÌv 15 \v {InkvXphnsâ FfnbZmknIfpsS k¶ymkk` Bcw`n¨p.
1875 apX 13 hÀjt¯mfw PÀ½³ `cWIqS¯nsâ IÀ¡i\nba§Äaqew It¯men¡mk`bv¡pw AXpt]mse aZÀ tacn ImXdn\pw kntÌgvkn\pw hfsctbsd {]XnkÔnIsf t\cntSWvSn h¶p. Cu {]XnIqekmlNcy§fn aZÀ tacn im´X ssIshSnbmsX ssZh]cn]me\bn icWs¸«psImWvSv Xsâ klk¶ymkn\nIsf {]mÀ°\bneqsSbpw I¯pIfneqsSbpw iàns¸Sp¯n.
Xsâ klk¶ymkn\nIfpsS CSbn aZÀ tacn ImXdn³ hfsctbsd kvt\ln¡s¸SpIbpw kzoIcn¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. AXn\m¯s¶ 1895  XpSÀ¨bmbn A©mwXhWbpw k`bpsS aZÀ P\dembn aZÀ tacn ImXdn³ sFIIWvtTy\ XncsªSp¡s¸«p. 1898 s^{_phcn 2þmw XobXn, D®naninlmsb tZhmeb¯n kaÀ¸n¨Xnsâ Xncp\mfnÂ, aZÀ tacn ImXdn³ IÀ¯mhn\pthWvSnbpÅ Xsâ Hm«w ]qÀ¯nbm¡n. A³]Xp hÀjt¯mfw, {]XnkÔnIfpsSbpw _p²nap«pIfpsSbpw a²y¯nÂ, AhÀ IÀ¯mhn\pthWvSn the sNbvXp. tcmKnIÄ¡v Bizmkambn, ]XnXÀ¡v Bew_ambn AhÀ temIw apgph³ {]Imiw ]c¯n.
""{InkvXphnsâ bYmÀ° Ffnb ZmknIsft¸mse \½psS hnip²{hX§fpw \nba§fpw ]men¡phn³, ssZ\wZn\tPmenIÄ D¯at_m²yt¯msS \nÀhln¡phn³. FÃm Imcy§fnepw ssZhal¯zhpw Bßhnip²oIcWhpw am{Xw At\zjn¡phn³. \½psS Ab¡mcpsS `uXnIhpw B²ymßnIhpamb Bhiy§Ä¡pt\tc I®Sbv¡cpXv. hnip²amb \½psS hnfnsb hnSmsX ]n³XpScp¶ _p²nap«pIfpw XyPn¡epIfpsaÃmw {]mbÝn¯mcq]nbn £atbmSpw kaÀ¸Wt¯mSpw IqSn kln¡pI. FÃmw tbiphnsâ \ma¯n ssZhal¯z¯n\mbn F¶Xmbncn¡s« \½psS ap{ZmhmIyw.'' CXmbncp¶p aZÀ, Xsâ acW¯nsâ sXm«pap¼v kntÌgvkn\p \ÂInb A´ntam]tZiw. t]cpw s]cpabpw Hcn¡epw B{Kln¡m¯ hyànbmbncp¶p aZÀ acn ImXdn³. "Adnbs¸SmXncn¡m³ B{Kln¡pI, hnebnÃm¯hfmbn IW¡m¡s¸Sm³ A`nejn¡pI' F¶ Xsâ X¯zt¯mSp hnizkvXX ]peÀ¯ns¡mWvSv F¶pw IÀ¯mhnsâ Hcp Ffnb Zmknbmbncn¡m\mWv AhÄ CjvSs¸«ncp¶Xv.
C¶v IÀ¯mhnsâ Ffnb ZmknIÄ temI¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fnembn PÀ½\n, Cw¥WvSv, tlmfWvSv, Atacn¡, saIvknt¡m, {_koÂ, sI\nb, ss\Pocnb F¶o cmPy§fnepw C´ybn cWvSp t{]mhn³kpIfnembpw ip{iqj sNbvXphcp¶p.